When implementing cellular automata (CA) into a traffic simulation, one common defect yet to be rectified is the abrupt deceleration when vehicles encounter stationary obstacles or traffic jams. To be more in line with real world vehicular movement, this paper proposes a piecewise-linear...

This paper proposes two novel route-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) models that jointly measure the route-level and company-level efficiencies amongst transport carriers. The core logics comprise a three-stage procedure that determines company efficiency, route efficiency and optimal...

Efficiency and effectiveness for non-storable commodities represent two distinct dimensions and a joint measurement of both is necessary to fully capture the overall performance. This paper proposes two novel integrated data envelopment analysis (IDEA) approaches, the integrated Charnes, Cooper...