Quantifying the roughness of riparian vegetation is important where it plays a dominant role by reducing water velocity …. Vegetation roughness was calculated based on the plant characteristics of three dominant herbaceous plants, including one … invasive, along the Sprague River, Oregon. E. palustris and invasive P. arundinacea exhibit higher and similar roughness values …

The paper shows how a change in irrigation canal roughness can influence the flow passing through offtakes. HEC … roughness of about − 20%, − 40%, 40%, and 100% of the primary value can significantly influence the upstream water level and the … “offtake sensitivity to roughness” was introduced. An analytical approach helped us to define an equation for direct estimation …

We consider laser profiler measured soil profiles and show that the roughness of the cultivated soil can be viewed as … of the roughness spectra the explicitly incorporates the approximate self-affinity. A comparison of the model with data …