We introduce the notion of language disenfranchisement which arises if the number of EU working languages is reduced … retention of French and German as working languages in essential to avoid a too large degree of disenfranchisement of citizens …

large number of official languages imposes substantial financial, communication and legal costs. We address the merits of … extensive multilingualism and formulate an analytical framework to determine the optimal number of official languages in the EU …. First, we derive the sequence of optimal sets of languages which identifies the sets of languages that minimize aggregate …

We consider a linguistically diversified society that has to select a set of languages to be used for official purposes …. We examine the notion of language disenfranchisement that is created when one or more languages fail to be included in … linguistic distances between languages. We then apply survey and population data on language proficiency in the European Union …

authors, this may lead to a form of cultural domination, in particular of English, on other languages. All these papers ignore … other languages,including Scandinavian ones and French. …

authors, this may lead to a form of cultural domination, in particular of English, on other languages. All these papers ignore … translations from other languages, including Scandinavian ones and French. …

We consider a linguistically diversified society that has to select a set of official languages. We examine the notion … of language disenfranchisement that is created when one or more languages fail to be included in the list of the official … proximity between languages. To develop a more refined disenfranchisement index, we utilize the Dyen percentage cognate distance …