We investigate a society with two official languages: A, shared by all individuals and B, spoken by a bilingual … strategy Nash equilibrium in which bilingual agents use both the A and B languages. This equilibrium is evolutionary stable …

We consider a model introduced recently [Nature 424(2003)900], for describing competition between two languages, which … terms of a reaction–diffusion equation. We show that in this generalized model both languages can survive, each mostly …

The differential equation of Abrams and Strogatz for the competition between two languages is compared with agent … 109 agents. In the case of socially equivalent languages, agent-based models and a mean-field approximation give grossly …

and the population dynamics of a system made of two interacting species which initially speak two different languages. The … final state where both languages coexist. However, in cases where one species greatly outnumbers the other in population and … language. Thus, our results offer an explanation for the existence and origin of synonyms in spoken languages. …

We use cellular automata simulation methods to study the competition between two languages (language A and B). We … assume each of the two languages consists of F independent features and define an individual as two F-length “identity level … methods. First, we consider the situation that the competition occurs between two languages with only one feature. We find the …

several written languages. Grounded in social semiotics and drawing on newer social perspectives on metalanguage, the authors … particular interactions, they explore how the children “engage with the meta” by navigating between different languages and sign …

In today’s globalized world, people are increasingly mobile and often need to communicate across different languages … even non-migrants must often learn other languages if their work involves communicating with foreigners. Economic studies …