The valoric interpretation developed already by Clausius, Helmholtz and Ostwald is taken as the basis for a reinterpretation of the various entropy concepts developed by Clausius, Boltzmann, Gibbs, Shannon and Kolmogorov. As the key points we consider the value of energy with respect to work and...

Unidirectional solitonic wave-mediated transport is shown to be possible for a class of anharmonic lattice problems where, due to wave asymmetry, the waves can be used as a traveling periodic ratchet. Using a (mesoscopic) probabilistic description we have assessed the role of both viscous...

We consider here the statistical mechanics of swarms of self-propelled particles. Our approach is closely related to the recently developed theory of active Brownian motion. New solutions for the stationary distribution of swarms with linear attraction are given in mean field approximation....

By using the available knowledge about the thermodynamic functions for the low-temperature Wigner region (lattice formulae and Gell-Mann-Brueckner formulae) as well as for the high-temperature Debye region (limiting law with quantum corrections) Pade approximations are constructed. The formulae...

The mean uncertainties of probability distributions of discrete sets of events and those of dynamic sequences of events are investigated on the macroscopic and on the microscopic level. First one-time distributions are studied. The key point is the specification of the state space; the...

Mnay models situated in the current research landscape of modelling and simulating social processes have roots in physics. This is visible in the name of specialties as Econophysics or Sociophysics. This chapter describes the history of knowledge transfer from physics, in particular physics of...

Entropy analysis and wavelet transforms are used to study the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and multivariate ENSO index (MEI) indexes for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Trends to large decreasing symbolic chains responsible for La Niña and interrupted increasing chains for El Niño are...

We mapped three long texts to random walks and calculated several correlation measures as Hölder exponents, higher-order cumulants and power spectra. By means of computer experiments we have found that shuffling on/or below the sentence level generates strings showing no anomalous diffusion, no...

We consider the adiabatic equation of state for partially ionized non-ideal plasma. Plasma isentropes are calculated with the Padé technique in the chemical picture. The interplay of ionization/dissociation equilibrium and non-ideality is investigated.

By means of molecular dynamics simulations we study local energy excitations of soft molecules solved in liquids or solids. The basic configuration studied is a soft impurity imbedded into a dense system of hard molecules. In the first part we reformulate an earlier result for the 1D-case, which...