of universal cooperation because the more prosocial subjects populate the two efficient institutions first, elect … prosocial judges (if institutionally possible), and immediately establish a social norm of high cooperation. This norm appears … to guide subjects' cooperation and punishment choices, including the virtually complete removal of antisocial punishment …

Case studies of cartels and recent theory suggest that repeated communication is key for stable cooperation in … understood. We study cooperation under different monitoring and communication structures in the laboratory. Under all monitoring … monitoring, where actions can only be observed with noise, cooperation is stable only when subjects can communicate before every …

theory, while sociological theories of social ties and intergroup comparisons suggest that bilateral cooperation can be … implemented by letting subjects make a positive contribution to a public good if they choose to defect from cooperation, i ….e. cooperation is collusive since the gains are at the expense of the public. We find that this negative externality increases …