Monte Carlo simulations of a Sznajd model show that if a near-consensus is formed out of four initially equally widespread opinions, the one which at intermediate times is second in the number of adherents usually loses out against the third-placed opinion.

Since its introduction in 2000, the Sznajd model has been assumed to simulate a democratic community with two parties. The main flaw in this model is that a Sznajd system freezes in the long term in a non-democratic state, which can be either a dictatorship or a stalemate configuration. Here we...

A simple Ising spin model which can describe a mechanism of making a decision in a closed community is proposed. It is shown via standard Monte Carlo simulations that very simple rules lead to rather complicated dynamics and to a power law in the decision time distribution. It is found that a...

We introduce a simple model of opinion dynamics in which a two-state agent modified Sznajd model evolves due to the simultaneous action of stochastic driving and a periodic signal. The stochastic effect mimics a social temperature, so the agents may adopt decisions in support for or against some...

Using the Sznajd-Weron model as a starting point, we analyzed the effect on the statistical properties of this model under changes in the connectivity of the network and under the introduction of memory to the units, as well as by introducing a communication error that influences the way a unit...

In this paper, we investigate the Sznajd model of opinion dynamics with anticonformity on a complete graph. We show that below some threshold value of anticonformal behavior spontaneous reorientations occur between two stable states. Dealing with a complete graph allows us also for an analytical...

There is no term that better describes the essential features of human society than complexity. On various levels, from the decision-making processes of individuals, through to the interactions between individuals leading to the spontaneous formation of groups and social hierarchies, up to the...