Biofilms with a conspicuous hierarchical and fractal structure have been paid much attention in recent years. Available analyses of biofilm formation typically employed macroscopic differential equations, simulation approaches such as cellular automaton (CA), diffusion limited aggregation (DLA),...

Depression is a complex phenomenon thought to be due to the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors. Currently depression assessment uses self-reported depressive symptoms but this is limited in the degree to which it can characterise the different expressions of depression...