The microscopic approach to the description of the phase behaviour and critical phenomena in binary fluid mixtures is proposed. It is based on the method of collective variables with a reference system. The physical nature of the order parameter in a binary mixture is discussed. The basic...

On the basis of Langevin equation the optimal SUSY field scheme is formulated to describe a non-equilibrium thermodynamic system with quenched disorder and non-ergodicity effects. Thermodynamic and isothermal susceptibilities, memory parameter and irreversible response are determined at...

First-order phase transitions in finite systems can be defined through the bimodality of the distribution of the order parameter. This definition is equivalent to the one based on the inverted curvature of the thermodynamic potential. Moreover we show that it is in a one-to-one correspondence...

Usually the distribution function of grains is defined on a semi-axis of all possible sizes of grains. It leads to some inconsistency, because volume of the individual grain can be arbitrary large and can be larger than the total volume of the system as a whole. Therefore in this paper we want...

In the crowd security research area a primary concern is to identify the macro state of crowd behaviors to prevent disasters and to supervise the crowd behaviors. The entropy is used to describe the macro state of a self-organization system in physics. The entropy change indicates the system...

A generalized model taking into account the photoisomerization influence on the nematic ordering is presented. This generalized theory is used to investigate the effect of the nonextensivity on the concentration dependence of the long-range order parameter. The q-dependent variation of the...

Recent observations have indicated that the traditional equilibrium market hypothesis (EMH; also known as Efficient Market Hypothesis) is unrealistic. It is shown here that it is the analog of a Boltzmann equation in physics, thus having some bad properties of mean-field approximations like a...