The shadow wage is the social opportunity cost of labor. After reviewing earlier theoretical and empirical literature, we define four labor market conditions: fairly socially efficient (FSE), quasi-Keynesian unemployment (QKU), urban labor dualism (ULD) and rural labor dualism (RLD). We offer,...

This note provides an overview and assessment of the ex-ante conditionalities, fulfilment criteria and delivery mechanisms outlined in the draft Common Provisions Regulation adopted by the European Commission. It encompasses relevant programme management phases and illustrates the roles of the...

This study analyses the rational, features and the conditions under which a more result/performance-oriented delivery system for Cohesion Policy, based on the use of performance indicators, and, potentially, of incentive mechanisms, can be designed and implemented along the different phases of...

This study analyses the rational, features and the conditions under which a more result/performance-oriented delivery system for Cohesion Policy, based on the use of performance indicators, and, potentially, of incentive mechanisms, can be designed and implemented along the different phases of...

In the past two decades privatisation and liberalisation of network industries providing services of general economic interest (SGEI), have been particularly significant in the European Union. Wide variations around a common policy trend can, however, be observed across countries and sectors. We...