The present European large-value payment systems are on the verge of notable changes.Since they comprise the backbone or basic infrastructure of the whole economy, it is important that the changes are monitored and carried out in a very prudent manner. This paper attempts to analyse this change...

This paper presents a model depicting cross-border payment systems as a mixed oligopoly.A private net settlement system that maximises profit competes with the central banks' gross settlement system that maximises welfare.It may be optimal for the central bank system to encourage increased use...

This paper considers effects of price regulation in retail payment systems by applying the model of telecommunications competition by Laffont-Rey-Tirole (1998).In our two-country model world there is one retail payment network located in each country and markets are segmented à la Hotelling.We...

In this study three topics in particular are analysed.First, the adequacy of intraday credit limits in the existing and planned Finnish interbank funds transfers systems are studied.Secondly, the efficiency of two actual and two hypothetical payment settlement systems is analysed and, thirdly,...

We use block level data from the Bitcoin blockchain to estimate the impact of congestion and the USD price on average fee rates. The introduction and adoption of the Segwit protocol allows us to identify an aggregate demand curve for bitcoin transactions. We find that Segwit has reduced fee...

The ability to accurately estimate the extent to which the failure of a bank disrupts the financial system is very valuable for regulators of the financial system. One important part of the financial system is the interbank payment system. This paper develops a robust measure, SinkRank, that...