Even though insurers predominantly invest in bonds, credit risk associated with government and corporate bonds has long not been a focus in their risk management. After the crisis of several European countries, however, credit risk has recently been paid greater attention. Nevertheless, the...

In participating life insurance, management decisions regarding the asset composition can substantially impact the value of a policy from the policyholders' perspective as well as the insurer's risk situation. Due to the long-term guarantees often embedded in these contracts, life insurers...

The development of an enterprise risk management (ERM) program enables companies to manage corporate risks in a holistic manner as opposed to the silo-based perspective in traditional risk management frameworks. One main question in this regard is what factors drive the implementation of an ERM...