Following Wold (1954), a causal relationship from a vector y of economic variables towards a vector x should be interpreted through a fictive controlled experiment. At least one factor y(i) component of y should have an impact on x when other factors y(j), j≠i, are kept constant. It is...

Indirect Inference (I‐I) estimation of structural parameters θ requires matching observed and simulated statistics, which are most often generated using an auxiliary model that depends on instrumental parameters β. The estimators of the instrumental parameters will encapsulate the...