The paper reviews the policy response of major central banks during the 2007-08 financial market turbulence and suggests that there is scope for convergence among central bank operational frameworks through the adoption of those elements that proved most instrumental in calming markets. These...

This paper examines whether a mix of tighter fiscal policy, looser monetary policy, and greater reserve build-up would increase growth and depreciate the rand in real terms. The experience of South Africa over the last twenty years is looked at using a number of econometric techniques that...

China has reached a stage where further financial sector reforms appear essential. As the reform process progresses and macrofinancial linkages deepen, the preservation of financial stability will become a major policy preoccupation. This publication draws upon contributions from senior Chinese...

About one-quarter of the world's central banks apply IFRS with approximately a quarter more looking to IFRS for further guidance where their local standards do not provide enough guidance. Given the varied mandates and types of policy operations undertaken by central banks, there also exists...

This note provides general guidance on the use of the Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI), a non-financing instrument designed for countries that are seeking to unlock financing from multiple sources and/or to demonstrate a commitment to a reform agenda. Since its establishment in 2017 as part...

GCC policymakers moved quickly to mitigate the health and economic impacts of twin COVID-19 and oil price shocks. Infection rates have declined across the GCC to well below previous peaks, though countries have experienced successive waves of the virus, and economic recoveries have begun to take...

Central banks are increasingly pondering whether to issue their own digital currencies to the general public, so-called retail central bank digital currency (CBDC). The majority of IMF member countries are actively evaluating CBDCs, with only a few having issued CBDCs or undertaken extensive...