This essay develops the "concept of stocks" – a conceptual notion designed to enable a clearer understanding of the interaction between the dynamics of ecosystems and the economy. The notion of stocks is formulated in a general manner based on set theory. The central attribute of a stock is...

We analyze the optimal dynamic scale and structure of a two-sector-economy, where each sector produces one consumption good and one specific pollutant. Both pollutants accumulate at different rates to stocks that damage the natural environment, which acts as a dynamic driving force for the...

Considering the time scales of global information and personal reaction, we study the role of dynamic response time in the evolution of collective behavior in an evolving market. The insensitiveness to the market information makes the population cluster around a kind of extreme behavior, in...