Considering the complexity of energy systems and the uncertainties surrounding the transition path, governments must take into account not only environmental concerns but also energy security and affordability in economic progress pathways. Therefore, using population growth and energy usage as...

Isolated mini-grids (MG) can be an efficient option for rural electrification worldwide. Nonetheless, a large share of MG fail after a few years and inadequate sizing has been identified as a major risk. Academia, public authorities and funding agencies tend to consider the sizing of mini-grids...