This paper presents a nonlinear control strategy utilizing the linearization and input-output decoupling approach for a nonlinear dynamic model of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The multiple-input single-output (MISO) nonlinear model of the PEMFC is derived first. The dynamic...

This paper presents a novel impedance-based approach to efficiently estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a Li-ion battery. By using an AC impedance analyzer, a database is constructed, containing records of AC impedance <i>versus</i> SOC. In practical applications, the SOC values can be found...