Although it is considered that the respect of accountant principles would be an indispensable condition for the insurance of the true and fair view, more and more authors are against this idea, sustaining that such a situation beads to a significant distance taken by the information provided by...

Although creative accounting practices are not at all recent, only since 2000 this phenomenon has been widely publicized because of the financial scandals that had erupted worldwide. Obviously, creative accounting practices came to be used with nonchalance at enterprise level, irrespective of...

Conformément à la quatrième Directive et à sa transposition en droit interne belge, l’objectif principal de la comptabilité est d’établir des comptes annuels qui reflètent une image fidèle de la situation financière et patrimoniale d’une entreprise. Cette contribution poursuit un...

Our theoretical research was developed based on Papineau‘s methodology inorder to be able to develop a comprehensive framework by constructing an internal history ofthe literature. By using this particular approach the main body of the literature is summarizedconducting in the end to a...

In this paper, we aim to discuss the role of creative accounting as a technique of accounts manipulation in contrast with the fundamental principle of accounting – fair view presentation, and the ethics of the accounting profession. In order to do so, we review the opinions of various authors...

Although it is the only criminal offence stipulated by accounting law, forgery foreseen by article 43 of Accounting Law no. 82/1991, republished, represents a special variant of the criminal offence foreseen by article 289 of the Criminal Code, and, in this context, we discuss about a text...

In 1990 a new Spanish 'Plan General de Contabilidad' (PGC) implemented the requirements of the EU 4th and 7th Directives in Spain. Included in the PGC is the requirement, derived from the 4th Directive, that accounts should present a 'true and fair view', in Spanish 'imagen fiel'. Where the term...

Creative accounting is a growing issue of interest in Spain. In this article we argue that the concept true and fair view can limit or promote the use of creative accounting depending upon its interpretation. We review the range of meanings that true and fair view can take at an international...

This paper addresses issues of financial reporting within the context of European harmonisation and accession. The construct of the True and Fair View (hereafter TFV) constitutes a locus of reflection for the establishment of a mutually intelligible foundation for financial reporting in the New...

The process of decision-making and carrying out of economic transactions is not possible in the lack of accounting information. In order to be useful, it has to be drafted according to the requirements of legal and ethical provisions. In this context, the role of accounting professionals is...