for “virtual energy” as a diverse suite of widely dispersed resources that can combine and interconnect to provide, in the … vehicles, and other virtual energy resources (VERs) can coordinate to become virtual power plants that mimic, and ultimately … sustainable, more reliable, and more democratic.To realize virtual energy’s full potential, however, requires a radical rethinking …

Studies have shown that many consumers and businesses fail to invest in energy efficiency improvements despite … seemingly ample financial incentives to do so – the so-called energy efficiency gap. Attempts to explain this gap often focus on … of inefficiency – has a strong and significant positive effect on searching for information on energy efficiency goods. I …

This study investigates the price formation of electricity futures at the European Energy Exchange (EEX) and aims at … serve several purposes for energy utilities, including price discovery, hedging, valuation and trading. …

green the energy matrix on retail electricity prices are first order. CO2 permit prices strongly impact electricity prices …, as do the prices of source energy commodities. And carbon permit prices' impact has clearly increased post-2021 … (particularly for baseload prices). Among energy sources, natural gas has the largest effect on electricity prices. Importantly, the …

The harmonization and integration of separate national energy markets to an interconnected internal European market is … a top priority of the European Commission. However, as energy policy largely remains subject to national sovereignty, a … that the phase-out triggered price increases of up to 19 percent in neighbouring countries whilst the renewable energy …

The hike in energy prices across Europe in 2022 and 2023 led to significant government interventions. Several … governments introduced 'energy price cap' measures to alleviate the increased burden on households' expenditures. This paper … the negative distributional consequences of the inflationary shock while it would completely offset the increase in energy …