Firms with different ownership structure behave differently. Currently there are three major ownership structures in China’s industrial sector: state enterprises, collective enterprises, and private enterprises Market-oriented economic reform has given great autonomy to firm managers in terms...

This paper argues that, in view of the resource crunch confronting many developing countries and the fall in ODA flows to them; new sources of development finance need to be found. We consider international taxes, fees and levies that could considerably augment aid flows to developing countries...

This paper revisits the discussion about the contribution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth to Indonesia’s economic growth during 1970-2007. It re-estimates the contribution of TFP to economic growth during this period on the basis of new estimates of GDP, capital stock,...

Indonesian labour markets have undergone a major transformation over the past 30 years, especially on Java since liberalisation gathered pace in the mid 1980s. The paper focuses on regional dimensions of these changes. In contrast to emerging interregional disparities in some other countries, it...

Is foreign direct investment (FDI) more resilient at the onset of an economic crisis and the subsequent economic collapse in a given host country compared to other forms of foreign capital inflows? Are affiliates of multinational enterprises in a crisis-hit country better equipped to withstand a...

There is a large literature on the link between wage differential, international trade and productivity growth. The theoretical and empirical research is mainly based on the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework and on the cases of a large country. More comprehensive theoretical models are needed...

Policy makers in developing countries often place emphasis on inter-sectoral input linkages (‘linkages’ for short) in determining sectoral priorities in export development policy, particularly in designing export promotion schemes and in screening and monitoring export-oriented foreign...

This paper examines the roles of pegged exchange rate regime and capital account opening inducing persistent RER appreciation in the lead-up to the 1997 currency crisis in Thailand. The three-sector (primary, manufacturing, and nontradable) economy-wide model is constructed and policy simulation...

This paper reports estimates of effective tax rates on rental property income in Australia. We consider three capital gains tax regimes - the current Australian system, that which prevailed between 1985 and 1999 and a realisation tax that attempts to mimic an accruals tax. We report estimates...

This paper examines the reform outcome of the Uruguay Round relating to trade in agriculture, the nature of the unfinished reform agenda and policy choices for the Doha Round, with special emphasis on the position of developing in trade negotiations. A key policy inference is that, to be...