/Estrin 2004) together with the fact that almost all (92 %) of the world's top 500 companies enter derivatives markets for hedging …

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the interaction between hedging, financing, and investment … two decisions are being made. We argue that the way in which hedging affects the firms’ financing and investing decisions …, but not their leverage, by hedging. However, we also find that firms with few investment opportunities use derivatives to …

management the ETFs with negative leverage factors can also be applied for the hedge or cross hedge of a portfolio. These hedging … case that a bearish market is supposed, minimizing the variance of the hedge seems not to obtain better hedging results … return high leverage factors should not be used for hedging, due to the higher volatility and target-shortfall probability. …

This paper formalizes the idea that more hedging instruments may destabilize markets when traders are heterogeneous and …

This paper investigates corporate hedging under regret aversion. Regret-averse firms try to avoid deviations of their … hedging policy from the ex post best policy, an intuitive consideration if one has to justify one's decisions afterward. The … aversion reduces the hedging of price risk to avoid large regret in the case of increasing prices. The results show that regret …

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the interaction between hedging, financing, and investment … two decisions are being made. We argue that the way in which hedging affects the firms’ financing and investing decisions …, but not their leverage, by hedging. However, we also find that firms with few investment opportunities use derivatives to …

We study how risk management through hedging impacts firms and competition among firms in the life insurance industry … face costly external finance increase hedging after staggered state-level financial reform that reduces the costs of … hedging. Post reform impacted firms have lower risk and fewer negative income shocks. Product market competition is also …

Persistently high negative covariances between risky assets and hedging instruments are intended to mitigate against … risk and subsequent financial losses. In the event of having more than one hedging instrument, multivariate covariances …

assets and the hedging instruments are intended to mitigate against financial risk and subsequent losses. If there is more … than one hedging instrument, multivariate covariances and correlations have to be calculated. As optimal hedge ratios are …