The formula approach used in many trade negotiations involves large formula cuts in high tariffs, with flexibilities … problems. We use a politicaleconomy welfare function and detailed data on the current WTO agricultural negotiations to assess …

, achieve trade liberalization ? Exploiting the case of trade liberalization in 1960s Japan, this paper addresses this question …. Because the benefits and costs of trade liberalization are unequally distributed among the population, generating winners and … losers, trade liberalization is inherently a highly political issue. The Japanese government and the LDP leaders used two …

For several years, preferential trade agreements have been oriented towards initiating a deep integration process … including a “democratic” clause. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy … also raise new costs impeding trade. The aim of this paper is to verify that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have a …

For several years, preferential trade agreements have been oriented towards initiating a deep integration process. As a … European Union, a future member must be a stable democracy that respects human rights, the rule of law and the protection of … minorities. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy. But it can also be …

well as increased trade openness. This trend raises the question of the effect of democracy on trade liberalization. To … model has led to a gravity equation so that the expected positive relation between democracy and trade can be tested … econometrically. We are interested in the influence of democracy on trade costs and test the idea that institutional trade costs are …

threat of revolution. Initially, a ruling elite may be able to use trade policy to maintain political stability. But a world … of national income per capita and democracy may not be positively correlated. The model is also useful for understanding …

threat of revolution. Initially, a ruling elite may be able to use trade policy to maintain political stability. But a world … of national income per capita and democracy may not be positively correlated. The model is also useful for understanding …

For several years, preferential trade agreements have been oriented towards initiating a deep integration process … including a “democratic” clause. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy … also raise new costs impeding trade. The aim of this paper is to verify that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have a …

For several years, preferential trade agreements have been oriented towards initiating a deep integration process. As a … European Union, a future member must be a stable democracy that respects human rights, the rule of law and the protection of … minorities. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy. But it can also be …

threat of revolution. Initially, a ruling elite may be able to use trade policy to maintain political stability. But a world … of national income per capita and democracy may not be positively correlated. The model is also useful for understanding …