Established in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) was the culmination of half a century of global trade liberalization achieved under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Subsequent agreements to achieve further liberalization — and to establish rules for...

Linguistic distance as a variable of the gravity model for international trade: example of China. Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools, 38 (2), 4-9. This article investigates the role of linguistic distance on bilateral trade by using a set of indicators...

National debates over policies that affect the flow of digital information are heating up as censorship, surveillance, control over personal data, and requirements to store data locally have emerged as contentious political issues. In the coming years, governments will need to carefully craft...

Introduction. During the years of Ukrainian independence, China has risen from a relatively insignificant country in Asia to the biggest trade partner of Ukraine surpassing even Russia and other post-Soviet republics both in amount and the importance of bilateral trade. To fully understand the...

In a sign of their increasing frustration with global efforts to ensure that all people everywhere will have access to COVID-19 vaccines, several developing countries have asked other members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to join them in a sweeping waiver of the intellectual property...

This article analyses Turkey's safeguard (SG) actions using a renovated approach to the measurement of the impacts of the SG duties with empirical application introduced by Bown and McCulloch (2004). We examine the trade impacts of 16 safeguard duties, covering 52 different 4 and 6-digit...

In 2021, Russia’s trade turnover increased by 38% to $785 bn, the maximum level since 2014. Appreciation of prices for fuel and energy commodities (+61%) amid stable volumes of exports (-1.7%) made it feasible to increase the value of exports to $267 bn (+59%). The record-high value of $197.8...

This paper examines the determinants of international competitiveness at the level of sectors and firms. First, we address the relation between cost-related and technological competition in a sample of fifteen OECD countries. Results suggest that the countries' sectoral market shares are indeed...

A narrative of popular discontent against open trade has taken hold, and politicians on both the left and the right have reacted by taking aim at trade agreements and proclaiming their support for economic nationalism. This is both bad policy and a misreading of the views of most Americans....

The pandemic has dealt a heavy blow to the world economy and global commodity markets. The COVID-19 containment measures have taken a toll on economic activity particularly in Q2 2020 when the majority of G20 countries demonstrated an unprecedented drop in real GDP. In relation to G20 as a...