This report analyzes the government's decision on the outcome of a series of small power shifts triggered by pro-reform players. Reform advocates devised them whenever opportunities arose and used whatever maneuvering room there was to tilt the power balance between agency and farmers to further...

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- Main features of Mali -- Main features of the Office du Niger -- Physical resources -- Infrastructure and water management -- Governance and...

To many, reducing water losses is seen as key to more sustainable water management. The arguments to reduce water losses are compelling, but reducing water losses has turned out to be challenging. This paper applies a panel data analysis with fixed effects to determine the major drivers of...

Aid is good for the poor. This paper uses detailed aid data spanning 60 developing countries over the past two decades to show that social aid significantly and directly benefits the poorest in society, while economic aid increases the income of the poor through growth. This new and unequivocal...

This paper uses the gravity model to analyze whether the varying export performance of Croatian counties can be explained by their proximity to border gates, ports, and other county-specific characteristics. The analysis finds that longer distances to border gates increase trade frictions...

Extension services are a keystone of information diffusion in agriculture. This paper exploits a large randomized controlled trial to track diffusion of a new technique in the classic Training and Visit (T&V) extension model, relative to a more direct training model. In both control and...

Market integration is key to ensuring sufficient and stable food supplies. This paper assesses the impediments to market integration in Central and Eastern Africa for three food staples: maize, rice, and sorghum. The paper uses a large database on monthly consumer prices for 150 towns in 13...