) perceptions of and interaction with courts; 2) security of property rights; 3) tax compliance; and 4) bribery. We find a … associated with lower levels of tax compliance and significantly higher levels of bribery. The evidence suggests that the …

to prevent bribery had not led to higher standards of corporate conduct among foreign investors by the year 2000. Rather …

Using detailed Peruvian data measuring bribery, I assess which types of public official are most corrupt and why. I … distinguish between the bribery rate and the size of bribes received, and seek to explain the variation in each across public … institutions. The characteristics of officials’ clients explain most of the variation for bribery rates, but none for bribe amounts …

payoffs to the client’s decision. We test this frame work using a new data set on bribery of Peruvian public officials by … households. The theory predicts that bribery is more attractive to both parties when the client is richer, and we find … empirically that both bribery incidence and value are increasing in household income. However, 65% of the relation between bribery …

: doubling household consumption increases the bribery probability by 0.2-0.4 percentage points in Peru, compared to a bribery … rate of 0.8%; doubling household expenditure in Uganda increases the bribery probability by 1.2 percentage points compared … to a bribery rate of 17%. The income elasticity of the bribe amount cannot be precisely estimated in Peru, but is about 0 …

: doubling household consumption increases the bribery probability by 0.2-0.4 percentage points in Peru, compared to a bribery … rate of 0.8%; doubling household expenditure in Uganda increases the bribery probability by 1.2 percentage points compared … to a bribery rate of 17%. The income elasticity of the bribe amount cannot be precisely estimated in Peru, but is about 0 …

payoffs to the client's decision. We test this frame work using a new data set on bribery of Peruvian public officials by … households. The theory predicts that bribery is more attractive to both parties when the client is richer, and we find … empirically that both bribery incidence and value are increasing in household income. However, 65% of the relation between bribery …

Using detailed Peruvian data measuring bribery, I assess which types of public official are most corrupt and why. I … distinguish between the bribery rate and the size of bribes received, and seek to explain the variation in each across public … institutions. The characteristics of officials' clients explain most of the variation for bribery rates, but none for bribe amounts …