In applying International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), a disclosure system that consists of four complementary subsystems such as financial information, nonfinancial information, internal control, and auditing subsystems should be designed to...

Currently there are high expectations for the introduction of policies related to diverse regular employees. These policies are a response to the problem of disparities between regular and non-regular employees (part-time, temporary, contract and other non-regular employees) and will make it...

Mutual agreement procedures refer to an international tax dispute resolution mechanism, in which tax authorities of countries party to bilateral tax conventions (or treaties) negotiate. In recent years, the importance of the mutual agreement procedures has been growing, as the number of cases in...

With the very limited policy intervention, work-life balance (WLB) enhancing programs available at workplaces in the US are not as prevalent as those observed in most continental European countries. Nevertheless, starting in the late 80s, firms began to introduce WLB enhancing programs, mostly...

We found that the non-discrimination principle in tax conventions has its origin in the discussion of the Economic Committee of the League of Nations. Until recently, there has been very little research on the origin of the principle. Some commentators argue that the principle might conflict...

In this paper, we provide a consistent comparison of total factor productivity (TFP) levels of listed firms in both the U.S. and Japan by using firm-level data based on consolidated financial statements covering 2000-2005. We find that U.S. firms are more productive than Japanese firms in...

I analyze the arbitration clause of the new Japan-Netherlands tax treaty, which is the first instance for Japan to adopt an arbitration clause in its tax treaties. Disputes arising from tax treaties are typically settled through a mutual agreement procedure. Even so, the history of tax treaty...

Hong Kong has played a major role as an economic and financial center in the Asia-Pacific. This role has not been simply as a "connecting point" for economic activity among different worlds, but also as a "gateway" for regulating these differences. Since opening the port in the mid-19th century,...

Many firms these days, forced by increasing international competition and an unstable economy, are opting to specialize rather than generalize as a way of maintaining their competitiveness. Consequently, firms cannot rely solely on themselves, but must cooperate by combining their advantages.To...

For a certain period following the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea after the end of the Cold War, relations between China and North Korea deteriorated enormously. Amid escalating tensions due to North Korea's development of nuclear weapons, President Kim...