across products or RTA parties. In some RTAs the degree of liberalization appears to be a negotiated outcome, depending on … the RTA partner. Agricultural goods continue to be subject to lower levels of liberalization, frequent product exclusions … and systematic protection in some RTAs, regardless of the RTA partner's comparative advantage. Nonetheless, a lower level …

each other. The methodology followed involved surveying each RTA in the sample to determine whether it made reference to … in each RTA is then used to classify agreements according to their level of IP content. The first significant identified …

increase RTA partners' rights to take antidumping actions at the intra-RTA level, and only a minority of regimes contains … patterns of the RTA Parties. The Paper notes, however, that deep integration among a few RTAs has been decisive in bringing … about a substantial change in the antidumping patterns of the RTA Parties concerned. It finds that legal consolidation, at …