Previous empirical study on the effects of monetary policy shocks in small open economies has produced exchange rate responses that are inconsistent with existing open economy macroeconomic theory. We argue that a careful identification of monetary policy in an explicit open economy setting is...

Chapter 1; Risk Premiums -- Chapter 2: FX Forwards and the Carry Trade -- Chapter 3; Exchange Rates, Interest Rates, Inflation and the Risk Premium -- Chapter 4; The Mundell Fleming Model of the Exchange Rate -- Chapter 5: Valuation Models (PPP, DEER, FEER)? -- Chapter 6: What Drives Inflation and...

This staff report on Iraq’s 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights economic policies and development. Risks to the macroeconomic outlook remain high. The risks can translate into lower oil revenues, deterioration in the fiscal position, pressures to use Central Bank of Iraq reserves for...

This paper surveys the foreign exchange markets, money and secondary government security markets, and stock exchanges in 107 smaller economy countries. The underdevelopment of these markets impedes risk transfer, monetary policy, corporate financing, and the capacity to absorb capital inflows....