This paper investigates the channels through which remittances affect macroeconomic volatility in African countries … that remittances—as a share of GDP—have a significant smoothing impact on output volatility but their impact on consumption … volatility is somewhat small. Furthermore, remittances are found to absorb a substantial amount of GDP shocks in these countries …

host of second-generation econometric methods, the study has empirically analyzed the impact of personal remittances and … omitted variable bias. A 1% increase in remittances leads to a -0.06735% reduction in energy consumption. A 1% increase in … energy consumption. The long-run results indicate that remittances and energy prices reduce energy consumption while …