Using a case study approach of Ecuador's supply chain, complemented by an empirical analysis of microdata on exports from major fresh flower exporting countries to the United States, this study confirms producers' claims that time and transportation costs vary widely across countries. The...

Between 1986 and 1995, the government of Canada negotiated and implemented three major international trade agreements: the 1989 Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA), the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the 1995 World Trade Organization Agreement (WTO). Individually, each...

This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the IV Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on September 17th and 18th, 2002.

Neither regional integration nor trade is a welfare or policy objective in itself. If countries are pursuing policies to promote them, this is as a means to improve their welfare. The ultimate objective need not be under a purely economic definition: there is a long history of seeing integration...

This paper discusses the importance and applicability of economic instruments in the context of water management. The paper presents a typology and associated examples of implementation from European Union (EU) countries and Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries....

The purpose of this document is to inform Bank staff and other interested parties about recent developments in integration and trade among the countries of the Western Hemisphere and between these and other countries and world regions.

The objective of this paper is to contribute to mapping the plausible scenarios for trade negotiations involving the Latin American and Caribbean countries.

The economic literature commonly identifies economic instruments (EIs) as a "better" way to achieve environmental goals than specified quantity and technological standards commonly known as command-and-control mechanisms (CAC).

1. Macroeconomic conditions for successful agreements 2. Macroeconomic impacts of the agreements Institutional Framework Foreign Sector Public Accounts and Debt 3. Coordination of macroeconomic policies

According to the responses from the region to the 2008 Aid-for-Trade questionnaire, there is a disconnect between the priorities established by governments and those set by donors. This strategy is designed to support governments in identifying priorities, improving coordination between...