In January 2014, the European Commission proposed a framework for its climate and energy policy up to 2030. It includes … targets for reducing greenhouse gases and using renewable energies, but no specific targets for increasing energy efficiency … late and too weak. In regard to renewable energy use, the Commission has proposed a goal to achieve a share of 27 percent …

purpose we use an intermediate sector that builds putty-practically-clay capital consisting of an amalgam of energy and raw … complications of a full putty-clay model. In addition, we introduce an R&D sector that develops renewable and conventional energy … desire to counteract the upward pressure on production cost implied by a continuing price increase of conventional energy …

Energy security increasingly becomes an issue in the face of rising worldwide energy demand and dwindling resources …. Threats to energy security are seen in political instabilities of resource exporting countries, decreasing reserves …, geostrategic and geopolitical factors and the structure of the relevant energy markets in terms of market power, monopolies …

This paper analyses futures prices for four energy commodities (light sweet crude oil, heating oil, gasoline and …

For economic and energy policy, the energy costs of the German industrial sector are of great importance, especially … those of the highly energy intensive sectors. Yet, up-to-date information on such costs is unavailable. While the German …, the survey results are only available with a two-year time lag. Therefore, Öko-Institut and DIW Berlin developed an Energy …

energy consumption is provided by coal. While the world's largest coal producers, China, the USA and India, are at the same …