Over the past two decades, Brazil has been employing a very innovative community-driven development (CDD) approach to reducing rural poverty in its Northeast region. These efforts began with a relatively small pilot in the late 1980s, which was then extended to the entire Northeast region in the...

Brazil has developed a community-led, market-based approach to land reform in which poor rural laborers and farmers, either landless or with insufficient land for subsistence, form beneficiary associations through which to obtain financing to buy agricultural properties, for which they negotiate...

The Northeast region of Brazil has long been the single largest pocket of rural poverty in Latin America. With a combined area of 1.6 million square kilometers-16 percent of Brazil's total-the Northeast is home to 45 million people, 28 percent of Brazil's total population , of whom 5.4 million...

Large-scale production of crop based (first generation) biofuels may not be feasible without adversely affecting global food supply or encroaching on other important land uses. Because alternatives to liquid fossil fuels are important to develop in order to address greenhouse gas mitigation and...

This paper assesses whether the level of taxation of motor fuel is broadly appropriate in a group of countries (OECD, BRICs and South Africa) accounting for more than 80 percent of world greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis deals with emissions from oil combustion in transport, which account...