Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workers are essential to American innovation and competitiveness in an increasingly dynamic and global marketplace. In this report, we examine demographic disparities in STEM education and find that educational attainment may affect equality of...

This paper tests for the existence of nationality discrimination in the English professional soccer league. Although wage equations have typically been used by labor economists to identify discrimination, the approach may be plagued by unobserved productivity characteristics that are correlated...

This paper explores the impact of developments in the Irish economy and labour market on computing course development in the Irish Higher Education (HE) sector. Extant computing courses change, or new courses are introduced, in attempts to match labour market demands. The conclusion reached...

This study evaluates the impact of high-skilled immigrants on US technology formation. We use reduced-form specifications that exploit large changes in the H-1B visa program. Higher H-1B admissions increase immigrant science and engineering (SE) employment and patenting by inventors with Indian...

At the beginning of the decade when many European countries began drafting new labor migration policies in response to labor shortages, Austria and Netherlands refrained. One might guess that since both are corporatist-style economies with tightly regulated labor markets, bringing in unregulated...

The European Union was has been bult over more than six decades, during which each and very one of us has continued to build our founding fathers’ European dream, so beautifully summarized by R. Schuman: “Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built...

We study the effect of a firm winning an additional H-1B visa on the firm’s outcomes, by comparing winning and losing firms in the Fiscal Year 2006 and 2007 H-1B visa lotteries. We match administrative data on the participants in these lotteries to the universe of approved U.S. patents, and to...

Importing foreign nurses has been used as a strategy to ease nursing shortages in the United States. The effectiveness of this policy critically depends on the long-run response of native-born nurses. We examine how the immigration of foreign-born registered nurses (RNs) affects the occupational...

We examine immigrant entrepreneurship and the survival and growth of immigrant-founded businesses over time relative to native-founded companies. Our work quantities immigrant contributions to new firm creation in a wide variety of fields and using multiple definitions. While significant...

The paper examines whether international regulatory harmonization increases cross-border labor migration. To study this question, we analyze European Union initiatives that harmonized accounting and auditing standards. Regulatory harmonization should reduce economic mobility barriers,...