The reduction of energy consumption constitutes one of the major thrust areas of research in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants. The cost of energy in the SWRO process is usually about 30–50% of the total production cost of water and can be as much as 75% of the operating...

Water and energy are two of the most important topics on the international environment and development agenda. The social and economic health of the modern world depends on sustainable supply of both energy and water. Many areas worldwide that suffer from fresh water shortage are increasingly...

Water and energy are two of the most important topics on the international environment and development agenda. The social and economic health of the modern world depends on sustainable supply of both energy and water. Many areas worldwide that suffer from fresh water shortage are increasingly...

Shortage of drinking water is chronic, severe, and wide-spread in the regions of Northern Africa, Middle East, and Central and Southern Asia. Conventional processes like MSF and RO require large amounts of energy in the form of thermal energy (for MSF) or electric power (for RO). Most...