The electric bicycle industry emerged in China in the late 1990s, and it is now a huge market which exceeds that of conventional bicycles, though such product has never existed in developed countries. This type of technological development, which diverts from the path of developed countries, is...

The number of forward patent citations has been established as an indicator for the economic value of patents. There remain unresolved questions such as the difference between examiner citations and inventor citations as value indicators and whether and how local clustering coefficients of added...

This paper analyzes the effects of uncertainty, rent dissipation, and a bundle of patents on corporate licenses. We use a newly developed data set, based on a large-scale survey (4,000 patents) of Japanese inventors, which uniquely covers the nature of the underlying research projects. Our major...