We explore whether differences of terrorism risk perception across all European countries reflect their underlying differences in terrorism risk, which we decompose into a long term and innovation component. We employ longitudinal country-level data on terrorism risk concern and our modeling...

We employ senior bank loan officers' responses regarding actual and expected loan demand from enterprises linking successive surveys to determine the dominant expectation formation mechanism that best describes European senior bank loan officers' expectations. Our findings suggest that the...

Purpose - The goal of this paper is twofold. First, to examine the role of expectations in shaping agents' behaviour within an extended time frame which incorporates a prolonged harsh downturn of economic activity. Therefore, the authors allow for an indirect impact of economy-wide expectations...

We employ senior bank loan officers' responses regarding actual and expected loan demand from enterprises linking successive surveys to determine the dominant expectation formation mechanism that best describes European senior bank loan officers' expectations. Our findings suggest that the...