The standard evolutionary explanation for depression is that being emotionally depressed is adaptive. We argue that … being depressed is not adaptive (indeed, quite the opposite), but that the threat of depression for bad outcomes and the … difference between our setup and the standard principal-agent model is that both punishment (depression) and reward (elation …

interactions. The second model captures the evolution of a society of motivated agents. It is demonstrated that misperception, when … it is a result of motivation, causes agents with different motives to play a given game differently. When motivated …

This paper advances on the importance of the adaptation of the firm to the International Business Environment (IBE …). The IBE is a distinguishing factor in international business studies and the firm?s adaptation to the environment has been … presented as a basic survival strategy. We argue that adaptation is indeed a dynamic and largely internally driven process that …

underdogs to survive. When read in combination with his discussion of Darwinism, Sen's discussion of adaptation is relevant to … social evolution. …

adaptation. …

lead article for a special issue of the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, we first describe how evolution … functions as a general theoretical framework in the biological sciences. Then we consider four reasons why evolution might not … valid in particular cases, but they fail for any sizeable human-related subject area. Hence evolution can and should become …

in the biosphere but not in the artificial models of evolution. The third conclusion is quantitative evidence that the …