Trust negotiation is a promising approach for establishing trust in open systems, in which sensitive interactions may often occur between entities with no prior knowledge of each other. Although, to date several trust negotiation systems have been proposed, none of them fully address the problem...

Identity federation systems enable participating organizations to provide services to qualified individuals and manage their identity attributes at an inter-organizational level. Most importantly, they empower individuals with control over the usage of their attributes within the federation via...

Smokeless tobacco, which includes both oral moist snuff and chewing tobacco, imbues substantial health risks, not limited to increased chances of oral and pancreatic cancer, gum disease, nicotine addiction, and, among adolescents, increased likelihood of smoking initiation. There is little...

Currently, noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are responsible for almost two-thirds of all deaths globally. Of the 57 million global deaths in 2008, 36 million, or 63% were due to NCDs, principally cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases. These four groups of...

Objective: To describe how the transnational tobacco industry has collaborated with local Asian tobacco monopolies and companies to promote a scientific and regulatory agenda. Methods: Analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents. Results: Transnational tobacco companies began...

In 2006 San Francisco adopted major health reform, becoming the first city to implement a pay-or-play employer-health spending mandate. It also created Healthy San Francisco, a "public option" to promote affordable universal access to care. Using the 2008 Bay Area Employer Health Benefits...

The high level of pedestrian, bicycle, and transit activity on city-owned streets surrounding the UC Berkeley campus creates a dynamic social environment and gives Berkeley much of its charm. But the streets around the campus (henceforth called the campus periphery) are also places where...