Government subsidies play a crucial role in optimizing industrial structures, eliminating outdated production capacities, and facilitating industrial transformation and upgrading in traditional industries. This paper is based on data collected from 112 sources, including 26 listed companies in...

Policies that impact the production sector, such as intermediate goods taxation (e.g. taxing robots) and trade liberalization create winners and losers. When do we need to integrate pre-distribution concerns in the design of these production policies? Should we consider the endogenous changes of...