In this paper, we estimate the size and the evolution of the Romanian shadow economy in the period 1998Q1-2008Q4, using a vector error correction model. A special attention it was given to the problem of non-stationarity and cointegration. The results ind

As long as it is employed cautiously enough, the model approach is a useful tool to estimate simultaneously the size and the development of the shadow economy in several countries. However, a second method is necessary to calibrate the model. The currency demand approach can lead to highly...