This paper is (over the formulas) self explaining . The measurement of economies no longer by GDP alone, but by an Index that includes other important factors as well, a So-cial factors relativized GDP. This index cuts out the part of the GDP that is long term fro-zen up by social transfers...

This paper investigates whether the daily stock returns of the Polish, Czech and Hungarian stock markets are covariance stationary. Using the Pagan – Schwert (1990) and Loretan – Phillips (1994) testing procedures, we show that contrary to the widely accepted assumption of covariance...

This book approaches the elementary statistical concepts. It presents also some statistical methods of collecting and analysis of data.

The aim of this paper is to obtain some statistical properties about runs of daily returns of ISE30, ISE50 and ISE100 indices and compare these results with the empirical stylized facts of developed stock markets. In this manner, all time historical daily closing values of these indices are...

This paper examines the size performance of Toda-Yamamoto test for Granger causality in case of trivariate integrated-cointegrated VAR systems and relatively small sample size. The standard asymptotic distribution theory and the residual-based bootstrap approach are applied. A variety of types...

The weekly returns of equities are commonly used in the empirical research to avoid the non-synchronicity of daily data. An empirical analysis is used to show that the statistical properties of a weekly stock returns series strongly depend on the method used to construct this series. Three types...

The scientific literature supports by consensus that the Euro zone countries did not have the conditions required for an optimal currency area, at the time of acquiring the common currency. However, the endogeneity of such conditions is under debate: can the conditions for an optimal currency...

In spite of the analysis of sophisticated developments and their effects in the agricultural sector, measuring composite index of agricultural development depending upon main statistical indicators in the determination of the level of agricultural sector developments is one of the important...

Several recent finance articles employ the Omega measure, proposed by Keating and Shadwick (2002) - defined as a ratio of potential gains out of possible losses - for gauging the performance of funds or active strategies (e.g. Eling and Schuhmacher, 2007; Farinelli and Tibiletti, 2008; Annaert et al., 2009;...