Interest rate instruments are typically priced by creating a non-arbitrage replicating portfolio in a risk-neutral framework. Bespoke instruments with timing, quanto and other adjustments often present arbitrage opportunities, particularly in complete markets where the difference can be...

Interest rate swaps are an actively traded product in the financial marketplace and are popular for hedging mortgage and corporate loan exposures against rises in interest rates. Asset swaps on the other hand provide a form of asset financing, where investors borrow funds to purchase an asset,...

Most long-run empirical research on the historical risk premium has focused on the experience of the United States. However, the United States has been a remarkably successful economy, making it unlikely that the US risk premium is representative. Until recently, evidence on the risk premium in...

In this short paper we outline the Newton-Raphson methods used for solving and minimizing complex equations that often have no analytical solution. We outline the formulae, their origins and give a simple example of their application

This paper provides global evidence supporting the hypothesis that expected return models are enhanced by the inclusion of variables that describe the evolution of book-to-market-changes in book value, changes in price, and net share issues. This conclusion is supported using data representing...

High book-to-market stocks earn higher average returns than low book-to-market stocks. This result has been verified using stock returns from the U.S., developed, and emerging markets. Why B/M explains expected returns is still an open question. In this paper, we use stock returns representing...

In establishing the foundation for their investment process, investors typically set up the investment framework first by dividing their investment universes into different buckets along the combinations of multiple sensible dimensions such as geography and industry. As the framework is applied...

Public sector corruption affects economic and financial outcomes, such as GDP growth, foreign direct investment, and government funding costs. Less is known about the spillovers from perceptions of public sector corruption on the private sector corporate bond market. In this paper, we assess the...