This book explores how festivals and events affect urban places and public spaces, with a particular focus on their … problematic, but this book examines the positive and negative ways that festivals affect cities by examining festive spaces as … and places. Festivals are often used by municipal authorities to break down symbolic barriers that restrict who uses …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of small-scale, rural festivals to the social … sustainability of their host communities. Small-scale, community originated festivals proliferate the rural landscape throughout the …. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a case study approach focussed on four festivals in Northumberland, UK …