-cycle) explains 15-25 percent of average country-level violence in Africa. We then document how the appropriation of a mining area by …We combine original geo-referenced data on mining extraction of 15 minerals with information on conflict events at … spatial resolution of 0.5o x 0.5o for all Africa over 1997-2010. Exploiting exogenous variations in world prices, we find a …

experienced in some of Africa's mining industries. The scores are contrast with the strength of the jurisdictions' democratic … with material mining investments in Africa. …Background: This article examines features of the tax systems of 19 African countries with material mining operations …