The Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires that telephone service be available in high-cost areas at rates that are "affordable" and "reasonably comparable" to those charged in low-cost areas. It also requires that carriers serving high-cost areas at below-cost rates be compensated with...

The purpose of this article is to review the major results in the literature regarding stranded costs. Despite the starting differences in the areas of research included in the paper, they have one characteristic in common: all recognize that during the last decades, the treatment of stranded...

Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google, as well as Twitter – the FANG companies – have transformed society with both positive and negative effects. Soaring consumer access to information, news, social networks, and entertainment has been stimulated by the ever-more ubiquitous and falling...

There can be no doubt that the FANG companies – Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google, as well as Twitter – have transformed society since their emergence. Like all social transformations, the changes wrought by their services have had ripple effects that are both positive and negative. On...

Long the nation's largest public utility, the Post Office Department lacked a regular means of ascertaining the costs of providing different mail services until 1926. The paucity of cost data, however, did not deter Congress from setting postage rates down to a fraction of a cent or from...