This paper proposes a new heuristic algorithm for the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem (CLRP), called Granular Variable Tabu Neighborhood Search (GVTNS). This heuristic includes a Granular Tabu Search within a Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm. The proposed algorithm is experimentally...

Under the energy crisis and global warming, mass transportation becomes more important than before. The disadvantages of mass transportation, plus the high flexibility and efficiency of taxi and with the revolution of technology, electric-taxi is the better transportation choice for metropolis....