Although there are hundreds of works using PISA microdata to analyse the determinants of educational outcomes, only a … education should be distributed between rural and urban areas in developing countries is very intense, although academic studies … outcomes. Taking into account this background, we use microdata from the 2006 and 2009 PISA waves for Colombia. The Colombian …

Although there are hundreds of works using PISA microdata to analyse the determinants of educational outcomes, only a … education should be distributed between rural and urban areas in developing countries is very intense, although academic studies … outcomes. Taking into account this background, we use microdata from the 2006 and 2009 PISA waves for Colombia. The Colombian …

data from the 2012 edition of the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Overall, around 2 …

tenative, since there remain questions about transparency and soft budget constraints (Plekhanov 2006). We show federalism at … allocations and spending requirements. Supportive of the conclusion in Chebankova (2008), the term adaptive federalism applies to …