infinity. In the limit, a range of outcomes stretching from Cournot via Stackelberg to Bertrand can result in equilibrium, i …-stage game, the set of outcomes is a quasi-hyperrectangle including Cournot, Allaz-Vila, and all two-stage Stackelberg outcomes …. In general, it consists of T-1 such hyperrectangles where the lower bound approaches the Bertrand outcome as T tends to …

Cournot–Stackelberg endogeneity to oligopoly, and show that it additionally includes Bertrand in the generalized model. This … that forward buying input induces a “Cournot–Stackelberg endogeneity” (both Cournot and Stackelberg outcomes may result in … equilibrium) and forward selling output induces a convergence to the Bertrand solution. I analyze the generalized model where …

for which they compete can be domestic or integrated: in the first case Bertrand competition emerges endogenously and in … the second case Cournot competition can emerge if the fraction of domestic consumers in the integrated market is low …

from both Cournot and Bertrand competition. …The possibility of forward trading has been shown to restore social efficiency in Cournot oligopolies if marginal costs …