The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects on Intellectual Property Rights, 1995, has introduced several mandatory changes … to patent protection on pharmaceuticals that can affect health care and delivery in developing countries. The potential … that intellectual property rights may have on restricting their space for innovation and learning in the pharmaceutical …

not achieve their goal of democratizing access to vaccines. In this sense, the current TRIPS (Agreement on Trade … access to vaccines not until 2024. While advanced purchase agreements (APAs) among pharmaceutical companies and some …

Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and Public Health adopted by the World Trade Organization, we realize that its impact is beyond …On the 20th anniversary of the Doha Declaration on the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property … issues of public health stricto sensu. The Doha Declaration has inspired discussions at the Council for TRIPS regarding …