Rating downgrades are known to make subsequent downgrades more likely. We analyze theimpact of this ‘downward momentum … regulators since banks neglectingthe downward rating momentum might hold insufficient capital.[...] …

Partisan perception affects the actions of professionals in the financial sector. Linking credit rating analysts to … rating actions of Democratic and Republican analysts around the 2016 presidential election. Our results show analysts …

The diffusion of internal rating systems changes the scenario of the financial strategy adopted by firms. The objective … fundamental step for ensuring that the new decision- making system, based on the internal rating, can expand the financial options … default situation is the premise for making best use of the paths of financial innovation, of which the internal rating is an …

The ratings of leading rating agencies are crucial signals for economic agents in capital markets, namely with respect … alternative modes of rating it is pointed out that with respect to welfare aspects rating in the form of a public good is superior …